The Rent and Yield

StrategiesBuy to let / rental yield Off-plan and pre-construction Renovation and resale REITs and listed property office retail industrial Serviced apartments and co-living Student housing Land bankingMarketsTokyo Osaka Seoul Hong Kong Taipei Singapore Kuala Lumpur Bangkok Jakarta Ho Chi Minh City Manila Phnom Penh Mumbai Bengaluru Delhi NCR Pune Hyderabad Dubai Abu Dhabi Riyadh Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Auckland Fukuoka Sapporo Nagoya Malaysia: Penang and Johor Bahru Thailand: Phuket and Chiang Mai Vietnam: Hanoi and Da Nang Philippines: Cebu Indonesia: Denpasar and Bali Chennai Gurugram and Ahmedabad Sharjah Doha and Muscat Perth Adelaide Wellington and Christchurch Taipei Phnom Penh and SihanoukvilleThe numbersGross vs net yield Cap rate Cash on cash return Financing and mortgage access for foreigners Loan to value limits Stamp duty and transaction taxes Total cost of acquisition Currency risk on rental income Net yield after service charge, tax and management Vacancy assumptions and why gross yields overstate Break-even occupancy Rent to price ratio and price to income ratio Total transaction cost as a share of purchase price Annual holding cost per property Exit cost and agent commission by market Why yields are measured differently in different marketsRules for foreignersOwnership restrictions by country Freehold vs leasehold vs strata Foreign buyer stamp duty and surcharges Approval requirements Repatriating rental income and sale proceeds Inheritance rules Visa and residency links to property purchase Condominium foreign ownership quotas Minimum purchase price thresholds for foreign buyers Land ownership bans and why nominee structures are illegal Agricultural, coastal and border land restrictions Buying through a locally incorporated company Long lease structures as an alternative to freehold FIRB in Australia land dealings approval in Singapore Hak Pakai in Indonesia Residency-linked purchase programmes and their conditionsManagingLetting agents and management fees Finding and vetting tenants Tenancy law by country Maintenance and sinking funds Service charges and strata fees Vacancy and void periods Exit: selling as a foreign owner Furnishing and turnkey packages Short term letting licences and city-level bans Property management fee structures compared Utilities, internet and account setup for a non-resident owner Landlord insurance and what it excludes Renovation permits inside strata buildings Remote inspections and reporting Handover, snagging and defect liability periods Tenancy deposit rules and where the money is heldNewsTaxesRental income tax rates for non-residents by country Withholding tax on rent and who must deduct it Capital gains tax on disposal and holding period rules Annual property and holding taxes Stamp duty and transfer tax tiers Foreign buyer surcharges and additional duties VAT and GST on new build purchases Double taxation treaties and how relief is claimed Tax residency and when a rental makes you resident Inheritance and estate tax exposure on foreign property Filing obligations, deadlines and penaltiesFinancingWhich countries lend to non-residents at all Loan to value caps for foreign buyers Fixed and floating rates by market Developer financing on off-plan purchases Borrowing in the property's currency versus your own Refinancing and early repayment penalties Buying through a company or trust and what it costs Proof of funds and source of wealth checks Opening a local bank account as a foreigner Remitting the deposit and the completion payment

Maintenance and sinking funds

Maintenance and sinking funds - reporting from The Rent and Yield.

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